Myles Textbook for Midwives, 17th Edition 2020 (PDF)

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- About:

Pages: 2568
Size: 57 MB
Edition: 2020
Author: Kirsten Allen, Michelle Anderson, Julia Austin and others.
Publisher: Elsevier Limited


Content

Cover image
Title page
Copyright
Contributors
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgement
Section 1. The Midwife in Context
1. The Midwife in Contemporary Midwifery Practice
Global Health: The Contribution of Midwives
The State of the World: Better Connected and yet More Unequal
Than Ever
The Right to Health and Respectful Maternity Care
Midwives and the Sustainable Development Goals
The Definition and Scope of a Midwife
Strengthening Global Midwifery Towards 2030
The Emotional Context of Midwifery
The Family in Society
2. Professional Issues Concerning the Midwife and Midwifery
Practice
Statutory Midwifery Regulation
Professional Regulation From an International Perspective
Statutory Midwifery Professional Regulation
The Nursing and Midwifery Council
Legal Issues and the Midwife
Safeguarding and the Role of the Midwife
Ethical Issues and the Midwife
Employer-Led Supervision of Midwives
Resilience in Midwifery
Clinical Governance
Risk Management
Section 2. Human Anatomy and Reproduction
3. The Female Pelvis and the Reproductive Organs
Female External Genital Organs
The Perineum
The Pelvic Floor
The Pudendal Nerve
The Pelvis
The Female Reproductive System
The Male Reproductive System
4. The Female Urinary Tract
The Kidneys
Urine
The Ureters
The Bladder
The Urethra
Micturition
Changes to the Urinary Tract in Pregnancy and Childbirth
Conclusion
5. Hormonal Cycles: Fertilization and Early Development
Introduction
The Ovarian Cycle
The Menstrual or Endometrial Cycle
Fertilization
Development of The Zygote
Methods of Assisted Conception
6. The Placenta
Early Development
The Placenta at Term
Conclusion
7. The Fetus
Time Scale of Development
Fetal Growth and Maturation
The Fetal Circulation
Adaptation to Extrauterine Life
The Fetal Skull
Conclusion
Section 3. Pregnancy
8. Designing and Implementing High Quality Midwifery Care:
Evidence, Policy and Models of Care
Introduction and Background
What is quality maternal and newborn care?
The Importance of Policy and its Implementation
Developing and Implementing Evidence-Informed Maternity
Policy
Conclusion
9. Antenatal Education for Birth and Parenting
Parent Education for the Critical 1000 Days
Aims of Antenatal Education
To Increase Women’s Self-Efficacy for Labour and Birth
To Promote Sensitivity to Infants
To Enhance Practical Parenting Skills
To Reduce Parental Stress and Support Mental Health
To Strengthen the Couple Relationship
To Build Social Support
Leading Antenatal Education Sessions
Evaluation
Conclusion
10. Change and Adaptation in Pregnancy
Physiological Changes in the Reproductive System
Uterine Divisions
Cervical Ripening
Cervical Shortening and Effacement
The Vagina
Changes in the Cardiovascular System
Haematological Changes
Changes in the Respiratory System
Changes in the Urinary System
Changes in the Gastrointestinal System
Stomach and Intestines
Appendix
Gallbladder
Liver
Maternal Weight
Musculoskeletal Changes
Skin Changes
Changes in the Endocrine System
The Pituitary Gland and its Hormones
Adrenal Gland
11. Antenatal Care
The Aim of Antenatal Care
The Initial Assessment (Booking Visit)
Meeting the Midwife
Physical Examination
The Midwife’s Examination
Position
Ongoing Antenatal Care
12. Concealed Pregnancy
Background
Definitions of Concealed Pregnancy
Reconceptualizing Concealed Pregnancy
Why is Concealed Pregnancy of Concern?
Reasons Why Pregnancies are Concealed
Consequences of Concealed Pregnancy
13. Antenatal Screening of the Mother and Fetus
Screening Principles
How Screening is set up and the Midwife’s Role and
Responsibilities
Individual Screening Test Considerations
Fetal Screening Tests
Screening for Maternal Conditions
Conditions not Currently Screened
Conclusion
14. Problems Associated with Early and Advanced Pregnancy
The Midwife’s Role
Abdominal Pain in Pregnancy
Bleeding Before the 24th Week of Pregnancy
Other Problems in Early Pregnancy
Bleeding After the 24th Week of Pregnancy
Hepatic Disorders and Jaundice
Skin Disorders
Abnormalities of the Amniotic Fluid
Conclusion
15. Medical Conditions of Significance to Midwifery Practice
Hypertensive Disorders
Hypertensive Conditions of Pregnancy
Metabolic Disorders
Thyroid Disease
Prolactinoma
Cardiac Disease
Neurological Disorders
Respiratory Disorders
Thromboembolic Disease
Haematological Disorders
Infection/Sepsis
16. Multiple Pregnancy
Incidence
Twin Pregnancy
The Multiple Pregnancy
Labour and the Birth
Complications Associated with Multiple Pregnancy
Postnatal Period
Development of Twins
Triplets and Higher Order Births
Disability and Bereavement
Multifetal Pregnancy Reduction
Sources of Help
Section 4. Labour
17. Care of the Perineum, Repair and Female Genital Mutilation
Prevention of Perineal Trauma
Definition of Perineal Trauma
Episiotomy
Diagnosis of Perineal Trauma
Female Genital Mutilation/Genital Cutting/Female Circumcision
Repair of Perineal Trauma
Obstetric Anal Sphincter Injuries
Postoperative Care After Oasis
Follow-Up
Medicolegal Considerations
Training
18. Fear of Childbirth (Tocophobia)
Definition and Prevalence
History
Psychology and Physiology
Risk Factors
Causes
Prediction Tools
Research
Policy Context
19. Physiology and Care During the First Stage of Labour
Defining Labour
The Onset of Spontaneous Physiological Labour
Physiology of the First Stage of Labour
Recognition of the First Stage of Labour
Initial Meeting With the Midwife
Subsequent Care in the First Stage of Labour
Assessing the Wellbeing of the Woman
Assessing the Wellbeing of the Fetus
Women’s Control Of Pain During Labour
First Stage of Labour: Vaginal Breech at Term
Prelabour Rupture of the Membranes at Term
Preterm Prelabour Rupture of the Membranes
The Responsibilities of the Midwife
20. Physiology and Care During the Transition and Second Stage
Phases of Labour
The Nature of The Transition and Second Stage Phases of
Labour
Recognition of The Commencement of The Expulsive Phase of
Labour
Phases and Duration of The Second Stage
Maternal Response to Transition and The Second Stage
The Mechanism of Normal Labour (Cephalic Presentation)
Midwifery Care in Transition and The Second Stage
Vaginal Breech Birth at Term
Record-Keeping
Conclusion
21. Physiology and Care During the Third Stage of Labour
Physiological Processes
Caring for a Woman in the Third Stage of Labour
Completion of the Third Stage of Labour
Complications of the Third Stage of Labour
Conclusion
22. Prolonged Pregnancy and Variations of Uterine Action
Prolonged Pregnancy
Incidence
Plan of Care for Prolonged Pregnancy: The Debate and
Controversy
Induction of Labour
Slower Than Expected Progress and Prolonged Labour
Midwifery Approaches When Labour Progress Slows or Ceases
Obstructed Labour
Precipitate Labour
Making Birth a Positive Experience
23. Malpositions of the Occiput and Malpresentations
Introduction
Occipitoposterior Positions
Face Presentation
Brow Presentation
Shoulder Presentation
Unstable Lie
Compound Presentation
24. Operative Births
Assisting a Vaginal Birth
Indications for Ventouse or Forceps
Contraindications to an Instrumental Vaginal Birth
Prerequisites for any Operative Vaginal Birth
Birth by Ventouse
Birth by Forceps
Caesarean Section
25. Maternity Emergencies
Introduction
Communication
Vasa Praevia
Presentation and Prolapse of the Umbilical Cord
Shoulder Dystocia
Rupture of the Uterus
Amniotic Fluid Embolism
Acute Inversion of the Uterus
Shock
Drug Toxicity/Overdose
26. Recognition of the Acutely Unwell Woman: Maternal Collapse
and Resuscitation
Introduction
Recognizing Acute Illness
The Abcde Approach to Managing Critical Illness
Sbar Communication Tool
Critical Illness and Specific Clinical Conditions Pertinent to
Pregnancy, Labour and Birth
What are the physiological and anatomical changes in
pregnancy that affect resuscitation?
Summary
Section 5. Puerperium
27. Optimal Infant Feeding
Introduction
The Breast and Breastmilk
The Baby Friendly Initiative
Effective Positioning
Feeding Behaviour
Care of the Breasts
Difficulties With Breastfeeding
Feeding Difficulties Due to the Baby
Complexity and Breastfeeding
Feeding With Formula Milk
The Healthy Start Initiative
28. Physiology and Care During the Puerperium
The Postnatal Period
Historical Background
Framework and Regulation for Postnatal Care
Midwives and Postnatal Care
Physiological Changes and Observations
Expectations of Health
Fertility Awareness (Natural Family Planning)
Record-Keeping and Documentation
Transition to Parenthood
The 6–8 Week Postnatal Examination
29. Physical Health Issues and Complications in the Postnatal Period
The Need for Woman-Focused and Family-Centred Postpartum
Care
Potentially Life-Threatening Conditions and Morbidity After the
Birth
Immediate Maternal Complications Following the Birth of the
Baby
Postpartum Complications
Midwifery Care After an Operative Birth
Emotional Wellbeing
Woman/Midwife Relationship
30. Perinatal Mental Health
Part A: Pregnancy, Childbirth, Puerperium: The Psychological
Context
Transition to Parenthood
Role Change/Role Conflict
The Ideology of Motherhood
Social Support
Emotional Changes During Pregnancy, Labour and the
Puerperium
Postnatal ‘blues’
Distress or depression?
Conclusion
Part B: Perinatal Psychiatric Conditions
Types of Psychiatric Disorder
Psychiatric Disorder in Pregnancy
Psychiatric Disorder After Birth
Treatment of Perinatal Psychiatric Disorders
Service Provision
Prevention and Prophylaxis
Conclusion
31. Perinatal Loss and Bereavement in Maternity Care
Introduction
Grief and Loss
Forms of Loss and Bereavement During Childbirth
Termination of Pregnancy
Relinquishing a Baby
The Baby With a Disability
Loss in Healthy Childbearing
Perinatal Mortality – the Contemporary Picture
Managing Perinatal Loss
Bereavement Care
The Postnatal Period
Considerations Following Perinatal Loss
The Death of a Mother
Support for the Healthcare Professional
Conclusion
Section 6. The Neonate
32. Recognizing the Healthy Baby at Term Through Examination of the Newborn Screening
The First Examination of the Newborn Following Birth
The Daily Examination of the Baby Screening
Full Systematic Physical Examination of the Newborn/Newborn
and Infant Physical Examination
Neurological Examination
Newborn Screening Tests
Communication and Documentation
33. Resuscitation of the Healthy Baby at Birth: The Importance of
Drying, Airway Management and Establishment of Breathing
Drying the Baby
Airway Management and Breathing
Parental Support Through Effective Communication
34. The Healthy Low Birth Weight Baby
Classification of Babies by Gestation and Weight
Small for Gestational Age
The Preterm Baby
Care of the Healthy Low Birth Weight Baby
Optimizing the Care Environment for the Healthy Low Birth
Weight Baby
35. Trauma During Birth, Haemorrhages and Convulsions
Trauma During Birth
Haemorrhages
Convulsions
Support of Parents
36. Congenital Malformations
Communicating the News
Palliative Care
Definition and Causes
Chromosomal Malformations
Gastrointestinal Malformations
Malformations Relating to Respiration
congenital cardiac defects
Central Nervous System Malformations
Musculoskeletal Deformities
Anomalies of the Skin
Genitourinary System
Disorders of Sex Development
Teratogenic Causes
Support for the Midwife
37. Significant Problems in the Newborn Baby
Introduction
Initial Examination and Recognition of Problems
Recognition of Problems At the Time of Resuscitation
Infection in the Newborn
Respiratory Problems
Congenital Heart Disease
Jaundice
Haematological Problems
Metabolic Problems
Electrolyte Imbalances in the Newborn
Inborn Errors of Metabolism in the Newborn
Endocrine Problems
Effects on the Newborn of Maternal Drug Abuse/Use During
Pregnancy
38. Care of the Dying Baby: End-of-Life Issues and Rights of the
Fetus/Neonate
Introduction
The Unique Circumstances of the Baby
Decision-Makers: the Ongoing Debate
The Main Ethical Debates Relating to End-of-Life Care
Spectrum of Care
Babies who Warrant Admission to the NICU/SCBU
Withholding/Withdrawal of Treatment
The Midwife’s Role in the Care of the Dying Baby/End-of-Life Care
Strategies to Support Midwives Caring for BABIES at the Endof-Life
The Value of Inter-Professional Learning and Working
Conclusion
Glossary of terms and acronyms
Index

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