Batteries & UPS in Hazardous Areas. Edition 2021 (PDF)

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About:

Edition 2021
Pages: 114
Publisher: 2QT Limited
Author: Ian Staff
Language: English;
Size: 56 Mb;

This handbook is aimed at Maintenance Electrical Technician in Hazardous Areas Level.
This advisory book sets out to look at Batteries and Battery Safety in detail and UPS System sand discusses how many different batteries that may control emergency lighting etc. in our Hazardous Area and how to maintain battery banks. The History of the different types of Battery gives a good insight in who invented which Battery along the way and how this contributed as to what we have today.

The Author is an Electrical Training Consultant with 38 years experience with BP Hull, seven of those years as their site Instrument/Electrical Training Officer and after retirement, in 2005, 14 years as an Electrical Training Consultant carrying out Training and Assessing for the Complex Scheme at Humberside Offshore Training Association (H.O.T.A.)in Hull.

Content:

About the Author
Contents
Battery History:
So what is a Modern Battery?
Atomic Structures
Molecules
Atoms
What is a Conductor?
What is an Insulator?
Who discovered Electrons, Protons, Neutrons
What is Electron Flow?
Amps
Volts
Ohms
Electrolytic Cells?
What is a Galvanic Battery?
The Case
The Electrolyte
The Battery Electrodes
Sum Up
Water for Topping up Batteries
Tap Water
Rainwater
Bottled Water
Distilled Water
De-Ionised Water
Overfilling
What are Amp hours (Ah) and Watt hours (Wh)
Amp hours (Ah)
Watt hours (Wh)
Battery Voltages
Potential Difference
Electromotive Force
Open Circuit Voltage
Resistance
Shelf Life &Storage
Dry Batteries
Primary Batteries
Secondary Batteries
Temperature
Periodic Recharge
Larger Wet (Flooded)/Solid Electrolyte Batteries
Sealed/Maintenance Free Batteries
Specific Gravity
Hydrometer &Float Position
Battery Charging
General
Absorption Charge
Boost Charge
Charge Acceptance Current
Charge Efficiency (%)
Charging Current
Charging Rate
Dry Charged
Equalisation Charge
Equalisation Mode Charge
Float Charge
Formation
Gassing
Inductive Charge
Memory Effect
Minimum Charge Voltage
Nominal Voltage
Overcharging Nickel Batteries
Overcharging Wet/Flooded Batteries
Over Discharge
Pulsed Charge
Self-Discharge
Smart/Intelligent Charger
State of Charge (SoC)
Trickle Charge
Wet Charged
Primary/Dry Batteries
Examples
Energy Density
Approximate Dimensions &Milliamp Hours
Safety - Carrying batteries in pockets
Primary Zinc-Carbon Acidic Battery
Other Shapes of Acidic Primary Batteries
Corrosion
Primary Zinc Chloride
Primary Alkaline Battery
Corrosion (White Powder)
Primary Zinc Silver Oxide Battery
Primary Zinc Air Battery
Primary Mercury Battery
Primary Beta-VoltaicBattery
Disposal of Primary Batteries
Recycling Batteries
Secondary Lead Acid Battery
General
Two types of Lead Acid Battery
Battery Make up
Secondary Lead Acid Battery
Electrolyte
Charging
Reverse Polarity
Topping Up the Electrolyte
Gel Electrolyte
Sub Divisions of 'Types' of Battery
Stratification
Sealed Batteries/Maintenance Free
Additives
Secondary Lead Acid Battery DO NOTS
Secondary Nickel Batteries (General)
Primary &Secondary Nickel Batteries
Typical Nickel Battery (Left)& Nickel Hydrogen Fuel Cell (Right)
Secondary Nickel Iron Battery (NiFe)
Secondary Nickel Metal Hydride Battery (NiMH) (MEMORY)
Nickel Cadmium Battery (NiCd) (MEMORY)
Nickel Hydrogen (NiH) Battery
Nickel Cobalt (NiCo) Battery
Secondary Nickel Zinc Battery (NiZn)
Secondary Lithium-ion Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide Battery (NCA)
Secondary Lithium-ion Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Battery (NMC)
Secondary Nickel Zinc Single Flow Battery: See Flow Batteries
Secondary Lithium-ion Batteries (General)
Secondary Lithium ion Batteries
Types of Lithium Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Nickel Cobalt Aluminium Oxide Battery (NCA)
Secondary Lithium-ion Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Battery (NMC)
Secondary Lithium-ion Cobalt Oxide Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Manganese Oxide Battery (LMO)
Secondary Lithium-ion Titanate Battery (LTO)
Secondary Lithium-ion Iron Phosphate Battery (LFP)
Secondary Lithium Polymer (FlatShape) Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Thin Film Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Air Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Sulphur Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Silicon Battery (Sand Battery)
Secondary Lithium-ion Ceramic Battery (FLCBor PLCB)
Secondary Lithium-ion Carbon Dioxide Battery
Secondary Lithium-ion Hydride Battery
Secondary Flow or Redox Batteries
Zinc Bromine Flow Battery
Nickel Zinc Single Flow Battery
Polysulphide Bromide Flow Battery
Zinc Cerium Flow Battery
Other Less Common Secondary Ion Batteries
Primary and Secondary Metal Air Batteries
Primary Air Batteries
Secondary Air Batteries
Primary and Secondary Silver Batteries
Primary Zinc Silver Oxide Battery
Secondary Silver Zinc Battery
Secondary Silver Copper Battery
Secondary Silver Cadmium Battery
Secondary Silver Calcium Battery
Other less Common Batteries
Secondary Carnot Battery
Primary CMOSBattery
Glass Battery
Molten Salt Battery
Nano Battery
Secondary Organic Radical Battery
Primary Photoflash Battery
Primary Pola-pulse Battery
Primary Microbial Fuel Cells
Sodium Sulphur Battery
Secondary Solid State Battery
Sugar Battery Experimental
Super Iron Battery
Ultra Battery
Wiltshire Battery Power
Future Batteries
Several Home-made Primary Batteries
Battery Banks
1 - Three batteries of the same voltage in series
2 - Three batteries of different voltages in series
3 - Three batteries of the same voltage and Amp hours in series
4 - Three batteries of the same voltage with different Amp hours in series
5 - Three batteries of the same voltage in parallel
6 - Three batteries, one of lower voltage in parallel
7 - Three batteries, all of different Amp hour in parallel
8 - Nine batteries in series AND parallel
9 - UPSrequiring 240Volts at 100Amp hours
UPS System
Solar Cells
Solar Panels
Fuel Cells
Battery
Fuel Cell
Air Batteries
Charging
Fuel Cell Types
Instrument and Testing Section
Battery Carbon Pile Voltage Testing
Battery Internal Resistance Tester
Battery Conductance Testing
'Open Circuit'/Surface Charge testing with a Multi-meter
Thermal Imaging
What can cause heat sum up
Battery BankAmp Hour (Ah) Test
Calculations - Resistance, Voltage &Amp Hours
Resistance Calculations
Battery Voltage Calculations
Battery Amp Hour Calculations
Several Examples of Battery Terminology
Battery Room PPE
The Battery Room
Battery Racks
Battery Chargers/Inverters/Con verters
Fire Fighting Equipment
Short Circuits/Fire
Gas Detectors
Warning Signs
Eye Wash Stations
Spillages
Training
Battery Contents
Personal Equipment/Jewellery
ElectricShock
Food and Drink
PPE Location
Tools
Cleaning Battery Tops
Liquids
Risk Assessment
Lesson Plan
PPE
PPESafety Glasses
PPE Goggles
PPE Face Visor
PPEGloves
PPE Rubber Apron
PPE Mask
Equipment - Filling Unit
Equipment - Plastic Container
Equipment - Plastic Funnel
State of the Art Battery Maintenance Equipment
Electrolyte level Sensor
Water Deioniser Unit
Battery Top-up Unit and Gun
Digital Hydrometers
Battery Analysers
Ripple Meter
Thermal Image Device
Common Questions about Batteries
Battery/Battery Room Safety
Button Batteries
Battery Acid/Alkaline
Lithium and Sodium fire risk
Short Circuits
Hydrogen Gas
Burning batteries on a fire
Battery Overcharging
Battery RoomSafety
Battery Chargers
Smart Chargers
Induction Chargers
Constant Current Charger
Constant Voltage Charger
Sum up
Battery Documentation
Description &Examples of: Permit to Work - Lesson Plan - Risk Assessment - Maintenance Form
Battery Room Risk Assessment/Audit
Battery Maintenance
Battery Maintenance Generic Lesson Plan: (SafeSystem of Work)
INDEX

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